Automated Computational Analysis of Human Language

Text classification:

https://theworldspaper.com/other/craigslist-vt-nh-farm-and-garden/ This involves assigning predefined categories to a given text document based on its content. For example, classifying emails as spam or non-spam.

Sentiment analysis:

This involves identifying and extracting subjective information from a text and categorizing it as positive, negative, or neutral.

Named entity recognition:

This involves identifying and extracting named entities such as people, organizations, locations, and other entities mentioned in a text.

Topic modeling:

This involves identifying topics in a corpus of documents and grouping similar documents together.

Machine translation: This involves automatically translating text from one language to another.

Information extraction:

This involves identifying and extracting structured information from unstructured text data, such as extracting product names, prices, and reviews from e-commerce websites.

Natural Language Generation:

This involves using computer algorithms to automatically generate human-like text, such as news articles, reports, or summaries.

Question answering:

This involves automatically answering natural language questions posed by humans.

These topics have numerous real-world applications, such as in customer service chatbots, search engines, automated news summarization, and fraud detection, among others.

Text summarization:

This involves automatically generating a concise and coherent summary of a longer text document.

Language modeling:

This involves building statistical models that capture the probability distribution of natural language phrases or sentences.

Text-to-speech synthesis:

This involves converting written text into spoken words using computer algorithms.

Language generation with style transfer: This involves generating text in a particular style or genre, such as poetry or fiction.

Dialogue systems:

This involves building computer programs that can engage in a natural language conversation with humans.

Coreference resolution: This involves identifying when two or more expressions in a text refer to the same real-world entity.

Emotion analysis: This involves identifying the emotions expressed in a text, such as anger, happiness, or sadness.

Text normalization: This involves converting text in non-standard or informal language to a more formal and standardized form.

Semantic role labeling:

This involves identifying the relationships between words in a sentence and their semantic roles, such as agent, patient, or instrument.

These topics have a wide range of applications, such as in language learning, sentiment analysis of social media, personal assistants like Siri or Alexa, and automated content creation for social media and advertising.

Paraphrasing and textual entailment:

This involves generating a paraphrase of a sentence or determining if one sentence logically entails another.

Multilingual NLP:

This involves developing NLP models that can work with multiple languages and handle issues such as code-switching and language variation.

Cross-lingual information retrieval:

This involves retrieving information across multiple languages, such as searching for information in English when the query is in French.

Knowledge representation and reasoning:

This involves representing knowledge in a structured format, such as ontologies, and using reasoning algorithms to draw inferences and answer questions.

Language grounding and embodied cognition:

This involves connecting language to perception and action, such as understanding language in the context of physical objects and environments.

NLP for low-resource languages: This involves developing NLP models for languages with limited resources, such as low levels of written text or limited computational resources.

Domain-specific NLP:

This involves developing NLP models for specific domains such as healthcare, law, or finance, which require specialized knowledge and language.

Explainable NLP:

This involves developing NLP models that can provide explanations for their predictions and decisions, making them more transparent and trustworthy.

These topics have various real-world applications such as cross-lingual search engines, intelligent tutoring systems, language learning tools, virtual assistants for low-resource communities, and explainable AI systems in healthcare and legal domains.

Neural machine translation:

This involves using deep learning models to improve the accuracy and fluency of machine translation systems.

Transfer learning for NLP:

This involves training NLP models on large amounts of data from one task and transferring the knowledge to another related task with limited data.

Adversarial attacks on NLP models:

This involves developing attacks that can fool NLP models by introducing small changes to the input text.

Dialog act classification:

This involves identifying the underlying function of a dialogue act, such as making a request or providing information.

Irony and sarcasm detection:

This involves identifying irony and sarcasm in text, which can be challenging as the intended meaning is often opposite to the literal meaning.

Style and tone analysis: This involves analyzing the style and tone of a text, such as formal vs. informal or positive vs. negative.